Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms Paper

Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms Paper Free Online Research Papers A Tariff can be generalized as a comprehensive tax on goods that are imported from foreign countries. The goal of a tariff is to secure the domestic product of a given nation from cheaper goods which are imported from nations that have a larger producing capacity. Tariff also helps to balance the prices in a country. Issues that may arise from tariff can be double sided. In other words, tariff has the power to bring businesses and governments down to instant financial security (Wikipedia, 2007). There are many different tariffs in which each is designed for a specific operation. The most notable tariffs are the protective tariff, the revenue tariff, and the prohibitive tariff. The protective tariff was enacted to inflate the prices set by imported products which create a positive vacuum for domestically based industries. This type of tariff places high tax on foreign imports which in turn forces a given company to raise its prices above its competitors who are based domestically. The revenue tariff is designed to generate and accumulate large amount of finances for the government. An example of such tariff would be a country that has very little product. In order to keep the domestic gains strong the government will need to install tariff on the imported goods which will levy the prices. This act by the government creates a security blanket for the limited product of certain import goods. The prohibitive tariff is the worst tariff to use in a global market today. Thi s type of tariff is used to eradicate competition between a foreign and domestic producer as well as to stop foreign imports in its track. It is similar to an embargo that is placed on a given country. The different types of tariff mentioned above are developed in tariff barriers for foreign market officials (Wikipedia, 2007). Economical theories support that tariff barriers are a major hindrance as well as a form of degradation for the free market system. The fact of the matter is tariffs are bias when it comes to the consumer. This has been proven to be true in which the government along with its corporate attachments prevent consumer from achieving a product at the lowest price while still retaining quality. It is seldom for a given country to artificially preserve a withering industry while at the same time negate the larger scale global market imports. It is beneficial for a given country to let an industry fall into ruin than supporting it. The contribution to the countries GDP would be insufficient versus the rapid import of trade and development. A country that has a large scale tariffs is always equilibrium within the socioeconomic structure. There are problem that may arises due to the lack of competition between foreign and domestic businesses. History has shown that when there is no c ompetition in a business sector, companies are apt to do less quality work and little innovation within a given sector (Yu, Z. 2006). Non-tariff barriers are restrictions in the importing of goods but are not presented in the usual form of tariffs. The non-tariff barriers have been criticized throughout the years because it establishes free trade rules that could be negated to a certain extent. This type of barrier is apt to assume the form of production or manufacturing requirements of goods. An example of such would be the European Unions restriction on material that have been altered or meat that had been subjected to high levels of hormone supplements. Non-tariff barriers are used in situations when it is absolutely necessary to protect health, safety, sanitation or to protect depleting natural resources. The non-tariff barriers that are most often traded are procurement, state subsidies, trading, ownership, national regulations on health, safety, employment, product classification, quotas, multiplicity, exchange or control, buy national policy, over elaborate or inadequate infrastructure, intellectual p roperty laws, corruption and bribery, restrictive licenses, unfair customs procedures, import bans, and lastly seasonal import regimes (Yu, Z. 2006. Unlike tariff barriers, non-tariff barriers have a long lasting effect on trade. In recent years, the tariff barriers have been significantly reduced leaving the non-tariff barriers to become prevalent in distorting as well as restricting international trade. This is being recognized as non-tariff barrier is ascertaining the position of conventional tariffs. Alan V. Deardorff (2006) stated in a report that â€Å"Calculation of the tariff equivalent of a given NTB for a given economic indicator is complex, and requires a great deal of information. Measures that are equivalent for one indicator will not be so for others, and there is no substitute for NTB-specific expertise.† Many economists recognized the non-tariff barrier as the root that causes the breakdown of trade with countries and with major competitor in the propagation of menial social welfare. The non-tariff barrier increases conformity costs which subsequently leads to higher deadweight loss of social welfare that the equivalent tariff barriers. The resulting cost may reach a level that eliminates potential trade partners in particular the small ones from the market. Increasing trade policy transparency and reducing non-tariff barriers are essential in trade liberalization. Non-tariff as well as tariff barriers seem to set out in order to accomplish similar views. A person may assume that the different type of tariff barriers may be devious than the other; however, both tariff and non-tariff barriers are both synonymous subject matter whose ambitions are concentrated on domestic proliferation. One may say that tariffs are not detrimental to the socioeconomic future of a society as non-t ariffs but the terms for both tariffs are somewhat the same. References Deardorff, A. (2006) Measurement of non-tariff barriers. Retrieved on August 5, 2006 from oecd.org/LongAbstract/0,2546,en26493485911111_2649_37431_1863852_1_1_1_37431,00.html Global Facilitation Partnership (GFP). (2003-2006) Trade Policies and Non-Tariff Barriers. Retrieved on August 5, 2006 from gfptt.org/Entities/TopicProfile.aspx?tid=f92038fa-aa0f-4487-8b2a-f6eac242828b. Wikipedia. (2006) Tariff. Retrieved on August 5, 2006 from, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs Yu, Z. (2006) A Model of Substitution of Non-Tariff Barriers. Retrieved on August 5, 2006 from nottingham.ac.uk/economics/leverhulme/research_papers/99_17.pdf Research Papers on Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms PaperDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceOpen Architechture a white paperAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Career Planning for Homeschoolers

Career Planning for Homeschoolers When you’re homeschooling a high school student, it helps to realize that one of the many roles you’ll need to fill is that of guidance counselor. A guidance counselor helps students make the best choices to be as successful as possible in their academic and post-graduation choices. One of the areas in which you’ll need to guide your student is in his or her potential career options. You’ll want to help him explore his interests, uncover his aptitudes, and decide what post-graduation choices will help him achieve his goals. Your teen may go directly into college or the workforce, or he may decide that a gap year will be beneficial. It is wise to encourage your high school students to explore as many of their interests as your familys schedule and finances allow. This exploration can provide valuable insight when it’s time to consider their vocational options after graduation. Most people find their most satisfying careers when their interests, talents, and aptitude can be directed toward their life’s work. How do you help your student decide on the career path he’ll follow after high school? How to Help Your Homeschooled Teen Choose a Career Path Look for Apprenticeship Opporunities Apprenticeship opportunities aren’t widely available, but they do still exist. You can often find such opportunities with people who are self-employed. Year ago, my husband worked as an apprentice for an appliance repairman. He ultimately decided on a different career path, but the skills he learned have proved invaluable for our family. He has saved us countless dollars in repair fees since he is able to do most of those repairs himself. A few years ago, a self-employed homeschool dad was seeking a homeschooled teen to act as his apprentice. He advertised in our local homeschool group’s newsletter, so that’s a good place to check. Look for people seeking an apprentice or advertise your student’s willingness for such a position. I graduated with a girl who apprenticed with a farrier. A friend’s son apprenticed with a piano tuner. If your student is interested in a particular field, ask friends and family if they know someone who does that type of work. Volunteer Help your student look for volunteer opportunities that align with her interests. Does she think she’d like to be a marine biologist? Consider volunteering at an aquarium or marine rehabilitation facility. If you live near the coast, check out opportunities to volunteer as a sea turtle nest parent. If your student loves animals, consider zoos, veterinarian offices, animal shelters, or rescue organizations. If she’s considering healthcare, try hospitals, nursing homes, or doctor’s offices. Would-be journalists might try a newspaper office of television studio. Secure an Internship Talented, hardworking students may be able to land intern jobs. An internship is an opportunity that employers offer for students to get experience in a field that interests them. It’s a great way for students to see if the career field is something they would truly enjoy pursing. Some internships are paid while others are not. There are full- and part-time internships. Both are usually for a set time, such as a summer intern position, a semester, or a few months. We have a homeschooled friend who is a dual-enrolled high school senior working a full-time internship with an engineering firm. It’s been a fantastic opportunity to learn more about her desired field while also getting a taste of full-time employment. There are online resources for finding an internship. You can also check with colleges or companies for whom your student would like to work.  Networking among friends and family can also be helpful in discovering potential opportunities.   Take Career Assessments Your student may be unsure what career path interests him. In this case, an aptitude test can be helpful in investigating possible choices based on your students interests, talents, and personality. There are a variety of free aptitude tests and career assessments available  online. Even if the tests don’t reveal a career path that interests your teen, it may help to spark the brainstorming process. It can also reveal talents and traits he hadn’t considered when thinking of possible vocational options. Consider Hobbies Help your student to objectively assess her hobbies and recreational interests to see if there is a career opportunity there. Your amateur photographer may want to consider a career as a professional. Your musician may want to teach her talents to others. One of our friends, a homeschool graduate, was  heavily involved in community theater  as a student. After taking a local acting course, he  is now following his dreams to become a professional actor. Another local graduate is a  gifted sculptor who has traveled abroad studying and creating. She  has won several awards  and been commissioned by  wealthy clients to create artwork. Even if your student’s passions remain simply lifelong hobbies, they’re worth investing in and pursuing. Because of the flexibility that homeschooling offers, homeschooled teens have a unique opportunity to fully explore potential vocations. They can also customize their high school courses to prepare for future employment.